Phage therapy as an approach to control salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infection in mice

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a cause of food-borne human illness. Given the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis and the lack of antibiotic efficacy in future years, its replacement with other agents is necessary. One of the most useful agents is bacteriophages. METHODS S. Enteritidis was identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. The effective bacteriophages were isolated from hospital wastewater samples. The effects of the bacteriophages were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The phage SE20 belonged to the Podoviridae family, and the genome size was 40 kb. The evaluation of phage SE20 at variable pH ranges showed its susceptibility to pH < 3 and pH > 12. The animal model showed that mice infected with S. Enteritidis developed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, but did not experience gastrointestinal complications after receiving the bacteriophages. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that phage SE20 is a promising candidate for controlling salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis.

[Antimicrobial resistance trends of klebsiella spp. isolated from patients in imam khomeini hospital]

A vast majority of clinical specimens are contaminated with Klebsiella species. The drug resistance among Klebsiella species is increasing day by day; therefore, antibiotic senility test is necessary before prescribing antibiotics. The aim of this research was to determine the antibiotics resistance patterns of Klebsiella species isolated from clinical specimens of patients using the standard Kirby-Bauer method. The present research was performed on 300 specimens of Klebsiella collected from Imam Khomeini hospital. After identification, drug resistance was investigated through the standard CLSI procedure. The drug sensitivity test was determined for all of the 12 antibiotics using standards of disk diffusion in agar Kirby-Bauer. The frequency rates of the isolated Klebsiella species were: pneumonia[94%], oxytoca[4%], ozaenae[1%], and rhinoscleromatis[1%]. Moreover, in terms of source of infection, the collected samples in order of frequency were: urine, sputum, vagina, scar, stool, and blood, respectively. Altogether, the percentage rates of resistance were as follows: Ampicillin[97%], Amoxycillin[97%], Cefalotin[39%], Gentamicin[30%], Colistin[55%], Nalidixic acid[2%], Chloramphenicol[26%], Kanamycin[17%], Tetracycline[28%], Nitrofuration[44%], Ceftazidime[2%], and Amikacin[0%].The results showed that the lowest resistance rate obtained was related to Amikacin in all tested Klebsiella; therefore, it can be recommended as the most effective antibiotic